|
KPart One
Four years ago at the CIÉPO meeting in Çeşme I gave a paper presenting six
unique aspects of the cartographic work of Piri Reis. [1]
Already recognized in the cartographic work of Piri Reis as unique were:
(1) in his time he was successful in drawing two quite different types of
maps:
(A) (A) the two world maritime maps of 923/1513 and 935/1528 with all
their rhumb lines and scales of measurement,
(B) (B) and (B) the hundreds of detailed coastal maps in his portolan, the
Kitab-ı Bahriye, each with its north-pointing arrow but normally without
scales of measurement, the text giving the necessary distances between
points;
(2) Unlike anyone else in his time or before, for his first world map he
utilized at least twenty maps not only from the Christian European world
but also from the Islamic world and from the ancient period, or as he put
it Ískenderi Zülkarneyn zamanında” (in the time of Alexander); [2]
(3) he included in the world map of 1513 information based upon the map of
Christopher Columbus resulting from his second voyage; [3]
(4) he was the first in representing towns and cities in Ottoman
illustrations; [4] and
(5) he wrote the most complete sixteenth-century portolan of the
Mediterranean and Aegean seas, the Kitab-ı Bahriye. [5]
(6) In my paper [6] I then argued for the sixth unique aspect that he was
the first cartographer consciously to meld the text and the map. I listed
ten instances in which he asks the reader to look at the map for
understanding or for additional information. Furthermore the maps often
present information that is not
mentioned in the text. Not for decades did another cartographer use the
same and also much improved approach. [7]
Today I will mention another aspect of the Kitab-ı Bahriye that is unique,
though not the result of anything that Piri Reis himself did. In the
various copies of the Kitab-ı Bahriye there are more manuscript maps than
that of any other cartographer ever. So far the total number of manuscript
maps is 5704, and there is at least one manuscript whose maps are not yet
tabulated. [8] I have asked experts in the field of historical cartography
if there were any other set of manuscript maps equaling this, and there is
not.
There are many questions to ask about these many maps. One of them is why
there are so many copies of the Kitab-ı Bahriye resulting in so many maps.
[9] Another question is if the books were used in the way that the author
intended. Of the many copies that I have seen, there is no indication that
they have be used at sea, the primary purpose of its original composition.
The copy at the University of Kiel, which I have not seen, has some
navigational notes, indicating that the unknown Ottoman mariner made some
corrections. There are also some signs of water damage, so it indeed seems
to have been used at sea. [10] It is usually assumed that these
manuscripts became a sort of Acoffee-table@ or collector’s books and were
useful as gifts. Another possible reason proposed by Loupis is that there
was a need in the late seventeenth-century for geography books with maps
of a smaller scale. This resulted in the gorgeous manuscripts including
maps of regions, continents, and the world. [11] Certainly the copies
became lovelier and more expensive. Perhaps in time more will be known
about who owned the manuscripts, and about the history of each one. [12]
Another question is why some maps are included in some manuscripts and not
in others. This is only partly a result of the 1526 version adding many
more maps in certain regions, such as southern Italy and the Dalmatian
coast. I have prepared an incomplete spreadsheet of the folios of the maps
in each manuscript. [13] There are patterns that are not yet
comprehensible.
Over the many years were there ever any improvements in depicting the
islands and other topographic features? There is a need for comparative
studies, including modern maps of the same territory. Or are there more
and more errors, as is normal in copying maps?
Some copies of the early version have the text and the maps in a rather
jumbled way. Should we group them as an earlier set?
Comparing maps from different manuscripts has just begun. Finally there is
one publication with maps in color from four different manuscripts, so
that stylistic and other differences can be seen. [14]
The challenge of the many place-names on the text and on the maps is a
large and difficult one. Senemoğlu has suggested one set of readings for
those on all the maps. [15] In a number of articles about chapters other
scholars have wrestled with the issue. In time the place-names on the maps
will be read and an established set arrived at, and we can start
organizing the manuscripts a bit better and, perhaps, determine which ones
are the bases for others. Are there additional place-names on later maps?
Fewer place-names?
One small problem I have wondered about deals with the maps of Marmara and
Imralı. Unlike the other islands and places there is no explanation of how
to get there. Why was there the lapse? To sail up the Dardanelles is not
easy. Was the navigational difficulty so well known that it could be
ignored in the text?
We know that some of the islands in the Aegean are copies taken from
Bartolomeo da li Sonetti’s, Isolario, printed in 1485. We certainly know
his skills in his world maps and from the maps of the Nile region and
Cairo. What about the other detail maps? Are there others that are drawn
by Piri Reis himself? How many? Which ones? How can we determine this?
What do they indicate in his ability to draft maps?
The map of Istanbulya that appears in many of the manuscripts of the 1520
version has attracted quite a bit of attention, because it is one of the
imaginary islands, though not as famous as Atlantis. [16] What other
cartographic changes occur between the two versions? Are there patterns in
the changes?
One useful investigation of the manuscripts would be a listing of the
watermarks that occur in them. [17] Paul Hepworth, conservator at the
Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, has been studying the late manuscript
there, including its watermarks of about 1690. [18] He would have liked to
attend this symposium, had he known about it. Which leads me to the second
part of my paper:
Part Two
Making available information about the scholarly world of Piri Reis.
The scholarly work on the Kitâb-i Bahriyye began in 1765 with the French
translation by Denis Dominique Cardonne, the head of the translation
bureau in Paris. [19] Almost a century and a half later, in 1910, Sachau
published a study of the chapter on Sicily based on a text in Bologna.
[20] In the 1920s Paul Kahle attempted to study and translate the text and
the maps in the copy of the 1520 version in Vienna and it remained the
largest and most important study for about seventy years. [21]
A major stimulus and resource came with the fine 1936 facsimile
publication of Ayasofya MS 2612, though for different reasons, not until
twenty years later was there the first result: Uriel Heyd’s path-breaking
study of chapters dealing with today’s Israel, which is very difficult to
find. [22] In would not be inappropriate to quote a few passages from this
1956 article: AThere is no standard text of the [Kitab-I Bahriye].... A
critical edition of the entire work has not yet been published. Many place-names,
in particular, were distorted by copyists. The text does not tally with
the maps and both are frequently incompatible with the facts.@ [23] Much
of what he wrote remains true a half century later, although Jean-Louis
Bacqué-Grammont is working mightily to change this. He has five
sophisticated, lengthy studies of parts of Kitâb-i Bahriye that I know of,
taking the approach of Svat Soucek in his dissertation for a beginning.
[24] Dimitris Loupis has published the largest study and translation since
Paul Kahle, 76 chapters of the area in Greece today. [25] Perhaps they and
others will soon establish we shall soon have a standard text and a
standard reading of the place-names (İnşallah!)
With the 1988 publication of a color facsimile edition in four volumes, we
have reached a new plateau. The photographic clarity; the careful
transliteration, the translation into modern Turkish, and the translation
of the modern Turkish into English; the historical notes; the modern maps;
and finally, the most useful index; all these make an excellent resource.
[26] For those who use it, however, there are flaws. One of these is the
weakness of the bibliographic sources. Little scholarly work over the past
fifty years is mentioned. [27] This can be remedied in the future.
There is a need to have materials available for scholars in many various
disciplines, and there are beginnings. The art historian, for example, has
much to do. [28] Günsel Renda has indicated some directions to take. The
investigation of the colors used alone can be enlightening.. [29] Zhokov
has found the Kitab-ı Bahriye useful in understanding an earlier text.
[30] Bacqué-Grammont has used it to understand a geological event. [31]
Along with Renda, Cuneo has looked at urban topography. [32] One place-name,
Illirius, has elicited a small study by Cerabregu. [33] Soucek has plumbed
the Kitab-ı Bahriye as a source for his many articles on islands in the
Encyclopaedia of Islam. Others may have also. The study of early sixteenth-century
Turkish certainly can use the text. The prose is generally simple, in
order for mariners to understand it. You can think up other possibilities.
How are we and the many others going to keep up with what is available in
many fields? As an appendix to this paper I can add an annotated
bibliography, [34] but it is outdated by the start of this symposium,.
There are regularly published bibliographies, such as Turkologischer
Anzeiger (Turkology Annual), but it is not easily available to most of us
and the 2001 volume is not yet out. For most of us also the articles and
books cited in such bibliographies are not at hand but are scattered in
diverse publications throughout the world. Another appendix presents a
preliminary listing of the sections of the Kitab-ı Bahriye with studies,
however elementary. Following the list are the chapters not yet examined.
[35] At the moment there are parts of the coast of North Africa and
Anatolia ripe for research. There are plums for the picking.
What might prove useful to all who can get on the Internet is to establish
a web site devoted to the scholarly work about Piri Reis: biographical,
cartographic, and literary. Texts can be scanned, images can be scanned,
and messages can be added. I am far from able in the digital field, but I
have been fortunate to have the young and energetic Dimitris Loupis to
assist me. While I have started this process, on a private web site, there
is a need for an institutional base. This is being investigated. I am
looking forward to your advice and suggestions about the project.
[1]To begin a study of Piri
Reis, read the publications of Svat Soucek, such as the chapter in "Islamic
Charting in the Mediterranean," History of Cartography II/1, edited by J.
B. Harley and David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1987),
279-84; or the series of essays in Piri Reis and Turkish Mapmaking after
Columbus (London, 1992); on the maps in the Kitab-2 Bahriye see the
chapter in the History of Cartography II/1, by J. M. Rogers, AItineraries
and Town Views in Ottoman Histories,@ 228-256, especially 231-35; and Svat
Soucek, "À propos du livre d'instructions nautiques de Piri Reis," Revue
des Études Islamiques 41(1973), 241-255.
[2]Specifically, twenty maps and world maps C [the latter] are maps made
at the time of Alexander the Great [ Ískender Zülkarneyn] ; they show the
inhabited part of the world, and the Arabs call them cafariyes, one Arab
map of India, four maps recently made by the Portuguese that show
Pakistan, India, and China drawn by means of mathematical projection, as
well as a map of the Western Parts drawn by Columbus.@ It is not clear
whether Piri Reis meant a total of twenty maps or twenty maps plus world
maps. Gregory C. McIntosh in his new book indicates that Piri Reis
believes that Ískender Zülkarneyn was Ptolemy. The Piri Reis Map of 1513 (Athens,
Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2000), p. 17. In his Kitab-2 Bahriye
writing about the island of Ístindin Piri Reis uses the name and more
clearly is referring to a time long past, such as before the time of
Alexander the Great.
[3]Gregory C. McIntosh,
“A Tale of Two Admirals: Columbus and the Piri Reis Map of 1513,” Mercator=s
World, vol. 5 #3, 18-23; and The Piri Reis Map of 1513, which has a large
bibliography.
[4] J. M. Rogers, op. cit.
[5]“[U]ntil the Kitab came on the scene no marine document described the
entire range of coast, ports, and islands of the Mediterranean in such
detail.” Michelle Mollat du Jourdin and Monique de La Roncière, etc., Sea
Charts of the Early Explorers, 13th to 17th Century, (New York: Thames and
Hudson, 1984), translated by L. le R. Dethan, p. 223.
[6]Thomas D. Goodrich, AA Cartographic Innovation of Piri Reis in His
Kitab-2 Bahriye,@ CIÉPO XIV. Sempoziumu Bildirileri (2004), 201-210. Three
times in the text for the map of ÇeÕme the reader is referred to the map.
[7]Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, Spieghel der Zeevaert (1584).
[8]The Tubingen, MS. Or Foliant 4133 Housed in Deutsche Staatsbibliotek,
Berlin, I. See Appendix 1.
[9]That there was a
need for geographies and maps in the late 17th century is argued by
Dimitris Loupis in: APiri Reis=s Book of Navigation (Kitâb-i Bahriyye) as
a Geography Handbook; Ottoman Efforts to Produce an Atlas during the Reign
of Sultan Mehmet IV (1648-1687)@ Eastern Mediterranean Geographies/
Tetradia Ergasias 25/26 (2004), 35-49.
[10]Haase, Claus-Peter, AAn Early Version of Piri Reis= Naval Charts,@
Scribes et manuscripts du Moyen Orient, !1997), 267. (A study of the MS of
the early version recently identified in the University of Kiel, including
photocopies of maps #6, 7, 9, 23, 24, 28, 30, 157, and Istanbulya.) I now
have to alter my generalization that the Kitab-2 Bahriye was like the
admiral in a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta who never went to sea.
[11]Dimitris Loupis, APiri Reis=s Book of Navigation (Kitâb-i Bahriyye) as
a Geography Handbook,@ 18th International Conference on the History of
Cartography (1999).
[12]An example of the tracing the history of one manuscript, see the
extraordinary detective work of Gottfried Hagen in his, AKâtib Çelebi and
Târîh-î Hind-î Garbî, Güney-Do(tm)u Avrupa AraÕt2rmalar2 Dergisi, 12
(1982-1998), 101-115.
[13]The spreadsheet is Appendix 2.
[14]Özen, Mine, Pirî Reis and His Charts (Istanbul,1998). See also the
lovely exhibition catalogue, ¤stanbul Topkap2 Saray2 Müzesi ve Venedik
Correr Müzesi Koleksiyonlar2ndan XIV-XVIII Yüzy2l Portolan ve Deniz
Haritalar2. ¤stanbul 1994.
[15]Piri Re>is. Kitab-i Bahriye, Denizcilik Kitab2. Ed. Yavuz Senemo-lu. ¤stanbul:,
1973.
[16]Allen, W. Sydney, AKalóyeros: an Atlantis in microcasm,@ Imago Mundi
29 (1977), 55-70; and Imago Mundi 31 (1979), 94-96.
[17]For an inexpensive method of copying watermarks, see that developed by
Thomas L. Gravell. It is explained on the Internet by Robert Allison
[18]Hepworth, Paul,
[19]Cardonne, Denis Dominique, Le Flambeau de la Mer Méditerrannée.(1765)
BnF, manuscrits occidentaux. FF 22972.
[20]Sachau, E., ASicilien nach dem türkishcer Geographen Piri Reis,@
Centario della nascita de Michele Amari 2 (1910), 1-10.
[21]Paul Kahle, Piri Re`§s, ABahrije,@ das türkische Segelhandbuch für das
Mittellädische Meer vom Jahrr 1521. (1926).
[22]Heyd, Uriel, AA Turkish Description of the Coast of Palestine in the
Early Sixteenth Century, Palestine Exploration Society 6 (1956), 201-16.
[23]Idem, 203.
[24]Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, AÉchos de désastres obscures: deux
descriptions ottomanes de Thíra/Santorin,@ unpublished paper; ALes
atterrages de la région de Alexandrie dans les instructiones nautiquesd de
Pîrî Re=îs,@ in press; ALa côte meditéranne de l=Espagne dans les
portulans ottomans de Pîrî Re`îs (1521-1526)," unpublished; AEvliya Çelebi
ve Seyahatnamesi=nde Santorin Adas2 afetleri üzerinde notlar,@ Do-u
Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yay2nlar2; and ALa Première description des côtes de
Sardaigne dans des instructions nautiques ottomanes (1521-1526),@
unpublished. Svat Soucek, ATunisia in the Kitab-i Bahriye by Piri Reis,@
Archivum Ottomanicum 5 ( 1973 [1976]), 129-296.
[25]Loupis, Dimitris, O Piri Reis (1465-1553) khartografei to Aigiso.Ê
Othomanikê khartografiakai tou Aigiaou (Piri Reis (1465-1553): Ottoman
Cartography and the Aegean Lake Athens, 2000).
[26]Pirî Reis. Kitab2 Bahriye. Ed. Ertu-rul Zekaî Ökte. Trans. Vahit
Çabuk. Tülay Duran, Robert Bragner. The Historical Research Foundation. ¤stanbul
Research Center (Ankara. Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish
Republic. 1988. 4 vols. ) For those who are able, stick to the Ottoman
text. It is unfortunate that the English translation was not from the
Ottoman, resulting in errors.
[27]The same problem exists for another publication by the same team:
Tarih-i Hind-i garbi, for which I have a particular interest.
[28]In the Ptolemaic terms given by Lloyd A. Brown, Piri Reis was both a
geographer, cartographer and a chorographer: “Chorography does not require
mathematics, according to Ptolemy... but it does need an artist.” The
Story of Maps (Boston, 1950), 61. See the superb Coleurs de la Terre, des
mappemondes médiévales aux images satellitales (1998).
[29]Renda, Günsel, ARepresentations of Towns in Ottoman Sea Charts of the
Sixteenth Century and their Relation to Mediterranean Cartography,@
Soliman le magnifique et son temps (1992), 279-97. For the approaches that
might be applied, see Couleurs de la Terre, edited by Monique Pelletier
(Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1998).
[30]Konstantine Zhokov,AThe >Destan of Umur Pasha’ in the Light of the >Kitab-2
Bahriye’ of Pîrî Reîs,@ Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, III. cilt, 893-897,
XL. Türk Tarih Kongresi - 1994.
[31]Bacqué-Grammont, AEvliya Çelebi ve Seyahatnamesi=nde Santorin Adas2
afetleri üzerinde notlar.@ Do-u Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yayınları.
[32]P. Cuneo, AThe urban iconography in the works of Piri Reis and
Matrakç2 Nasuh,@ II. Uluslararas2 Türk-Islam Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi
Kongresi (1986), 263-68.
[33]Cerabregu, M., A Scientific benefits from Piri Reis=s Kitab-2 Bahriye
and its position in the history of cartography,@ XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi
(1994), 1123-24.
[34]See Appendix 3.
[35]See Appendix 4.
[36]I have followed the list in History of Cartography II/1, edited by J.
B. Harley and David Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1987),
291-92. There are useful notes for almost every item. The most complete
published list of manuscripts is in Mine Esiner Özen, Piri Reis and His
Charts, (Istanbul 1998), 20-22. This is most complete list so far.
APPENDIX 1
MANUSCRIPTS OF THE KITAB-I
BAHRIYE [36]
Total Number of Manuscript Maps: 5704. The total may rise to 5800 when the
maps in theTubingen MS is known.
Version 1 (927/1521)
1. Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna, MS. 3612.
Date undetermined; 105 maps; 31.2 X 21.6 cm.
2. Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna, MS. 3613.
Copied 977/1569; 125 maps; 30.6 X 21 cm.
3. Dresden, Sachsische Landesbibliothek, MS. Eb. 389.
Copied 961/1554; 119 maps; 28.7 X 19.9 cm.
4. Istanbul, Deniz Müzesi, no.987 (formerly no.3535).
Date undetermined; copied by Mehmed Seyyid; presented to the museum by
Hasan Hüsnü Paşa; 368 fols, 88 maps; 29.2 x 26 cm.
5. Istanbul, Deniz Müzesi, no.990 (formerly no.3538).
Date undetermined; 269 fols, 134 maps; 31 x 22 cm.
6. Istanbul, Köprülü Kütüphanesi, Fazıl Ahmed Paşa, MS. 172.
Copied 1068/1657; 123 maps; 35 x 25.5 cm.
7. Istanbul, Millet Genel Kütüphanesi, Coğrafya 1;
129 maps.
8. Istanbul, Nuruosmaniye Kütüphanesi, MS. 2990.
Copied 55/164546 by Ahmed ibn Mustafa; 126 maps; 30 X 20 cm.
9. Istanbul, Nuruosmaniye Kütüphanesi, MS. 2997.
Copied 38/162829 by Mustafa ibn Muhammad Cündi; 124 maps; 7 x 19.9 cm.
10. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Ayasofya 2605.
Copied 1134/1721 by Muh. b. Kalgan and Muh. Sadık; 228 fols.133 maps; 29.2
x 200 cm.
*39. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Âşır Efendi 227.
(Selections) 98 fols.; 92 maps; 28.5 x 19.0.
11. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Ayasofya 3161;
202 fols; 125 maps; 27.7 x 20.5 cm.
12. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Hamidiye 945.
Copied in 962/155455 by Ahmed ibn 'All ibn Mehmed; 109 fols; 42 maps; 36.0
x 25.4 cm.
13. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Hamidiye 971;
116 maps; 40.5 X 27.7 cm.
14. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Hüsrev Paşa 272.
Copied 978/1570; 127 maps; 30.7 X 20.7 cm.
15. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Yeni Cami 790.
Copied 959/1551 by Muhyiddin; 128 maps; 29.9 x 20 cm.
16. Istanbul, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi, B. 337.
Copied 982/157475; 134 maps; 30 x 20.5 cm.
17. Istanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, Türkçe 123/2;
119 maps.
18. London, British Library, MS. Or. 4131.
Copied seventeenth century; past owners include Ibn Yüsuf (A.H. 1098) and
Ibrahim Naşid (A.H. 1206); 137 maps; 29.3 x 20.4 cm.
19. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. d'Orville 543.
Copied 5/1587; 142 fols; 29 x 20.3 cm.
20. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. Suppl. Turc 220.
Copied end of sixteenth or beginning of seventeenth century; 157 s., 122
maps; 32.5 x 22.5 cm.
21. Tülbingen, Staatsbibliothek, MS. Or. Foliant 4133.
Copied 1054/164445.
22. United States (?), anonymous private collector.
Copied 1131/1718; originally in the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps (MS.
3974); 223 5., 123 maps; 32 x 22.5 cm.
23. Vienna, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, BildArchiv und PonratSammlung,
Cod. H.O. 192 (Historia Osmanica);
172 fols, approx. 130 maps; 31.6 X 21.4 cm.
*40. Kiel Universitätsbibliothek Cod. MS.Or, 34.
Copied late sixteenth century; 58 fols. 51 maps; 22.0 x 15.5 cm
*41. Národní Knihovna v Praze, XVIII A 308
Version 2 (932/1526)
24. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS. W. 658.
Copied end of seventeenth century; 376 fols., 239 maps; 34 x 23.5 cm.
38. Berlin, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Diez A. Foliant 57.
First version copy acquired in Istanbul by Heinrich Friedrich von Diez in
1789, (supposedly destroyed during World War II but is safely in the
collection), copied beginning of seventeenth century; 50 maps; 42 X 55 cm.
*41. Istanbul, Atatürk Kütuphanesi, Belediye, Muallim Cevdet 30.
Copied 1093/1682 by Ahmed b. Haci Abdi Kapudanzade; 338 fols, 226 maps,
30.5 x 21.5 cm.
25. Istanbul, Deniz Müzesi, no.988 (formerly no.3537).
Date undetermined; presented to the museum by Hasan Hüsnü Paşa; 426 fols,
239 maps; 34.5 x 23 cm.
26. Istanbul, Deniz Müzesi, no.989.
Date undetermined; 226 maps; 31.3 x 21 cm.
27. Istanbul, Köprülü Kütüphanesi, Fazıl Ahmed Paşa, MS. 171. Copied
962/1555; 426 fols, 117 maps; 31.5 x 20 cm.
28. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesii, Ayasofya 2612.
Copied 982/1574; 429 fols, 216 maps; 32.4 x 21.5 cm.
29. Istanbul, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi, H. 642.
Copied late sixteenth century; 421 fols, 215 maps; 31.5 x 22 cm.
30. Istanbul, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi, R. 1633.
Copied possibly late seventeenth or early eighteenth century; 221 maps;
32.5 x 22 cm.
31. Istanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, Türkçe 6605;
228 maps.
32. Kuwait, Dar althar alIslamiyah, LNS. 75 MS.
Copied A.D. 168889; originally in the library of Philip Hofer; 192 fols,
131 maps; 31.7 x 21.2 cm.
33. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. Suppl. Turc 956.
Copied late sixteenth century; 434 fols, 219 maps; 35 x 2,3 cm.
Manuscripts with Maps but without Text
34. Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna, MS. 3609.
Attributed to "Seyyid Nuh"; 204 maps; 42.1 x 27.7 cm.
35. Istanbul, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi B. 338.
Date undetermined; 189 maps; 28.5 x 19.5 cm.
36. London, Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Arts, MS. 718.
Formerly in the private Istanbul collection of Halil Bezmen; 119 maps.
Manuscript with Text Only
37. Istanbul, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Hüsrev Paşa 264.
Second version text copied 1184/1770 by Siileyman elma’ruf [bi] Zuhuri.
42. Istanbul, Kandili Observatory 340/2; f. 25b-69a.
*43. I think there is one in Prague.
*Four recently identified manuscripts.
43 manuscripts
21 libraries (8 in Istanbul)
14+ cities: Baltimore, Berlin, Bologna, Dresden, Istanbul, Kiel, Kuwait,
London, Oxford, Paris, Prague, Tubingen, Vienna, and an unknown.
9 countries: Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Kuwait,
Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States.
APPENDIX 3
AN INCOMPLETE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PIRI REIS
There are large bibliographies in studies by Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont,
Dimitris Loupis, Svat Soucek, and Osmanlı Coğrafya Literatürü Tarihi.
* Studies of the text and maps.
Adıvar. A. Adnan. Osmanlı Türklerinde İlim. İstanbul 1982. (This edition
has useful additional notes by A. Kazancigil and S. Tekeli.)
Afétinan. Prof. Dr. A. Pirî Reis’in Hayatı ve Eserleri. Amerikanın En Eski
Haritaları. 2nd Ed., Ankara, 1983. (Famous early study, available in an
English version, now outdated.)
Allen, W. Sydney, AKalóyeros: an Atlantis in microcasm,@ Imago Mundi 29
(1977), 55-70; and Imago Mundi 31 (1979), 94-96. (Useful background on the
imaginary island of Istanbulya.)
*Allibert, C., AUne description turque de l’Océan indien. L’Océan indien
occidental dans le Kitab-i Bahriye de Piri Reis (1521),@ Etudes Océan
Indien 10 (1988), 9-51. (Not seen.)
Babinger, F., ASeyyid Nuh and his Turkish Sailing Book, A Imago Mundi 11
(1955), 180-182. (First publication on the manuscript, Outdated.)
*Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, AÉchos de désastres obscures: deux
descriptions ottomanes de Thíra/Santorin.@ Unpublished paper. (Piri Reis
and Evliya Çelebi on a disaster on one island. As always, a large
bibliography.)
*Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, ALes atterrages de la région de Alexandrie
dans les instructiones nautiquesd de Pîrî Re’îs,@ in press. (A careful
study, as usual.)
*Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, "La côte meditéranne de l’Espagne dans les
portulans ottomans de Piri Re’is (1521-1526)." Unpublished. (A seemingly
exhaustive study of both versions, a number of manuscripts and many
contemporary sources. His bibliography grows and grows.)
*Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, AEvliya Çelebi ve Seyahatnamesi’nde Santorin
Adası afetleri üzerinde notlar.@ Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yayınları. (Makes
extensive use of the Kitab-ı Bahriye, both text and maps.)
*Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis & Mathilde Pinon, ALa Première description
des côtes de Sardaigne dans des instructions nautiques ottomanes
(1521-1526),@ Unpublished. (A transcription based on four MSS of the first
version and two MSS of the second version, a translation by Cardone of the
first version completed in1785, a study of the place-names, and passages
from travelers to the region.)
*Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi bahriye di Piri Reis, a cura di
L. Capezzone, Venezia, Eurasiatica 19, Quaderni del Dip. Di Studi
Eurasiatici, Università Ca’ Foscari, 1990. (A collection of articles based
on Bologna MS 3609, studying parts of the coastline of Italy; text and
place-names; includes four maps in color.)
*Bausani, Alessandro,“Venezia e l’Adriatico in un portolano turco,“
Venezia e l’Oriente. Atti del XXV Corso internazionale di alto cultura (Venice,
1983), 339-52. Or, éd. L. Laciotti, Florence, 1987. (An article based on
Bologna MS 3609.)
Bostan, İdris Pirî Reis'in Kitabı Bahriye'sinde Bulunan Tersanei Amire
Planlar Sanat Tarihi Aratırmaları Dergisi. İstanbul 1988, I. 67 68. (He
uses maps of Istanbul not by Piri Reis found in the Kitab-ı Bahriye.)
Bostan, İdris. Osmanlı Bahriye Teşkilatı: XVII. Yüzyılda Tersanei Amire,
Ankara 1992. (Uses maps of Istanbul not by Piri Reis found in the Kitab-ı
Bahriye.)
Cardonne, Denis Dominique, Le Flambeau de la Mer Méditerrannée.(1765) BnF,
manuscrits occidentaux. FF 22972 (The first translation of the Kitab-ı
Bahriye, by the head of the translation bureau in Paris.)
Caraci, Giuseppe, ”The Italian cartographers of the Benincasa and Freducci
families and the so-called Borgiana map of the Vatican Library,” Imago
Mundi (1967), 23-49. (An example of careful, analytic comparisons of maps.)
Cerabregu, M., “Old Maps as a Source for Historical Geography of Ottoman
Empire,” Türk Tarih Kongresi V (1994), 1951-1959.
Cerabregu, M., “Scientific benefits from Piri Reis’s Kitab-ı Bahriye and
its position in the history of cartography,” XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi
(1994), 1105-25. (Some ruminations on the Kitab-ı Bahriye and the
place’name Iliriyos.)
Couleurs de la Terre, edited by Monique Pelletier (Paris: Bibliothèque
nationale de France, 1998). (A basic study of chorography in cartography,
that is, the art in maps, with some stunning plates.)
Cuneo, P. “Urban iconography in the works of Piri Reis and Matrakçı
Nasuh,” II. Uluslararası Türk-Islam Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Kongresi
(1986), 263-68. (A few comments on depictions of Alanya, Alexandria, and
Cairo.)
*Encyclopaedia of Islam, new edition (1960-). (Articles on islands and
other places sometimes use the Kitab-i Bahriye as a source and are
therefore useful. See the index volume.)
*Esin, Emel, “La description des côtes de l’algériennes de Piri Ra’is, “
Studies on Turkish-Arab Relations 1 (1986), 47-60. (A translation of
chapters dealing with Algeria. )
*Esin, Emel, “La géographie tunisienne de Piri Reis à la lumière des
sources turques au XVIe siècle, “ Cahiers de Tunisie 29 (1981), 585-605.
Ezgü. Fuad. “Pirî Reis, “ İslâm Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul, 1964, IX,
561565. (A basic, now somewhat dated, biography.)
Goodrich, Thomas D., “A Cartographic Innovation of Piri Reis in His Kitab-ı
Bahriye, “ CIÉPO XIV. Sempoziumu Bildirileri (2004), 201-210. (Argues the
innovative melding of text and maps.)
Goodrich, Thomas D., “Old Maps in the Library of Topkapi Palace in
Istanbul, “ Imago Mundi 45, pp. 120-133. (Has some bibliography on the MSS
in Topkapi.)
Goodrich. Thomas D., “Supplemental Maps in the Kitab-i Bahriye of Piri
Reis, “ Archivum Ottomanicum 13 (1993-94), 117-142. (Lists maps in MSS not
by Piri Reis.)
*Haase, Claus-Peter, AAn Early Version of Piri Reis’ Naval Charts, A
Scribes et manuscripts du Moyen Orient, (1997), 267. (A study of the MS of
the early version recently identified in the University of Kiel, including
photocopies of maps #6, 7, 9, 23, 24, 28, 30, 157, and Istanbulya.)
Halbout du Tanney, Dominique, Istanbul seen by Matrakçı and the Miniatures
of the 16th Century (Istanbul: Dost, 1996). (A brief study on maps of
Istanbul, including one not by Piri Reis in the Kitab-ı Bahriye.)
Hapgood, Charles, The Ancient Sea Kings (1966 & 1979). (A serious study
with an hypothesis that is unsupportable. The most thorough attack on the
hypothesis is in Greg McIntosh, The Piri Reis Map of 1513.)
Hess, Andrew, “Piri Reis and the Ottoman Response to the Voyages of
Discovery, “ Terra Incognitae 6 (1974), 19-37. (Not really on the Kitab-ı
Bahriye.)
*Heyd, Uriel, “A Turkish Description of the Coast of Palestine in the
Early Sixteenth Century, Palestine Exploration Society 6 (1956), 201-16.
(An early and an able study of a few short chapters.)
Istanbul Harita ve Plânları Sergisi, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Yayınları no.
11 (Istanbul, 1961). (Includes a map of Istanbul not by Piri Reis from the
Kitab-i Bahriye.)
Istanbul Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi ve Venedik Correr Müzesi Koleksiyonlarından
XIV-XVIII Yüzyıl Portolan ve Deniz Haritaları. Istanbul 1994. (A catalogue
of an exhibition of old maps from two major collections. Has a plate of
Venice from H. 642; Eğriboz from B.337, and two maps of the Gulf of Venice
from B 338.)
Kahane, Henry and ReneeAndreas Tietze. The Lingua Franca in the Levant.
Urbana 1958. Univ. of Illinois Press. (A key reference book for maritime
terminology.)
Kahle, Paul, Piri Reis, “Bahrije,“ das türkische Segelhandbuch für das
Mittellädische Meer vam Jahrr 1521. (1926). (The first modern effort to
translate and study the whole Kitab-i Bahriye; he used a manuscript of the
first version in Vienna. It is an incomplete work in two volumes.)
King, Geoff. Mapping Reality: An Exploration of Cultural Cartographies.
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. (Some interesting points are raised.)
*Kissling, Joachim, “Die istrische Küste in See-Atlas des Piri Reis, “
Studia slovenia monacensa in honorem Antonii Slodnjak septuagenarii,
Munich (1969), 43-52. (An investigation of place-names.)
*Kissling, Joachim, Der See-Atlas des Sejjid Nûh (Munich, 1966). (A study
of a lovely version without text in Bologna. For a critical review, see
Soucek, Svat, “Review of Der See-Atlas des Sejjid Nuh, by Joachim Kissling,
“ Archivum Ottomanicum 1 [1969], 327-31] At the moment the only use for
this book is for comparison and to know which maps you want to have a
slide made.)
*Kissling, Joachim, Zur Betrachtung des Rhône Deltas in der Bahriye des
Piri Reis, İslam Tetkikleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 (1973), 279-87. (An
examination of one part of a chapter.)
Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith.
Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. (Some useful theory in studying maps.)
Leitner, W., ADie Türkische kartographie des XVI. Jhs aus Europäischer
Sicht,@ II. Uluslararası Türk ver İslâm bilim ve teknoloji tarihi kogresi
bildiriler (1986), 285-305. (An historical survey of the subject.)
*Loupis, Dimitris, O Piri Reis (1465-1553) khartografei to Aigiso.Ê
Othomanikê khartografiakai tou Aigiaou (Piri Reis (1465-1553): Ottoman
Cartography and the Aegean Lake Athens, 2000). A study in Greek of over
one third of the 219 chapters (76 chapters and maps of the islands in and
the coast of the Aegean from the manuscript Ayasofya 2612). The
introduction has a survey of the Ottoman nautical charting during the
16th-17th centuries. The place-names are given in Arabic letters, in
Turkish and in Greek. There are four useful appendices: Cyprus, Piri Reis
and the Greek portolan texts, an Ottoman portolan text, and comments of
Toderini’s account of the Naval Academy. It has an extensive bibliography.
This is the largest scholarly study since Paul Kahle’s 1926-27 study of
the Vienna MS of the first version.)
Loupis, Dimitris, “Ottoman Nautical Charting and Miniature Painting:
Technology and Aesthetics,” Derman: 65 Yaş Armağanı (The article includes
five maps from four manuscripts of the Kitab-i Bahriye.)
Loupis, Dimitris, “Piri Reis’s Book of Navigation (Kitâb-i Bahriyye) as a
Geography Handbook, “ 18th International Conference on the History of
Cartography (1999). (Argues that the manuscripts into the 18th century are
efforts to have an Ottoman geography handbook)
Loupis, Dimitris, “Piri Reis’s Book of Navigation (Kitâb-i Bahriyye) as a
Geography Handbook; Ottoman Efforts to Produce an Atlas during the Reign
of Sultan Mehmet IV (1648-1687), “ Eastern Mediterranean Geographies/
Tetradia Ergasias 25/26 (2004), 35-49. (Presenting the reason for the
lovely late MSS.)
*Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de l’Algérie dans le Kitab-i
Bahriye de Piri Reis,“ Revue de l’Orient Musulman et de la Méditerranée,
15/16 (1973), 159-68. (A brief study and translation of some chapters. It
has been superceded.)
*Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de l’Andlousie dans le Kitab-i
Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Actas del XII Congreso de la Union Européenne des
Arabissants et Islamisants, Malaga, 1984, Madrid 1986, 497-507. (A brief
study and translation of some chapters. It has been superceded.)
*Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de l’Egypte dans le Kitab-i
Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Annales Islamologiques , 17 (1981) 287-310. [Note
the preceding article on a 1549 map of Cairo by Matheo Pagano.] (A brief
study and translation of some chapters. It has been superceded.)
*Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de Tunisie dans le Kitab-i
Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Revue de l’Orient Musulman et de la Méditerranée,
24 (1977), 223-25.
*Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de l’Egypte dans le Kitab-i
Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Annales Islamologiques , 17 (1981) 287-310. [Note
the preceding article on a 1549 map of Cairo by Matheo Pagano.] (A brief
study and translation of some chapters. It has been superceded.)
*Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes méditerranéennes de la France
dans le Kitab-i Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Revue de l’Orient Musulman et de
la Méditerranée, 39 (1985), 69-78. (A brief study and translation of some
chapters.)
McIntosh, Greg. The Piri Reis Map of 1513: University of Georgia Press,
2000. (A detailed study of the map with a few translations not in other
studies. Now the basic study of the map. Read the Conclusions, pp.
122-140.)
McIntosh, Gregory C. “A Tale of Two Admirals: Columbus and the Piri Reis
Map of 1513,” Mercator’s World, vol. 5 #3, 18-23. (A popular article on
the part of the map that comes from the Columbus map, arguing that it was
from after the second voyage not the third.)
*Mitsuhashi, F, “A Study of the ‘Çin Denizi in the Kitab-i Bahriye
compiled by Piri Reis,” İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı Armağanı (1975), 365-74.
(An early effort to deal with a part of the Introduction.)
Mollat du Jourdin, Michelle and Monique de La Roncière, etc., Sea Charts
of the Early Explorers, 13th to 17th Century, (New York: Thames and
Hudson, 1984), translated by L. le R. Dethan, p. 223. (Has a few color
plates from the Paris MS.)
Müller-Wiener, W., Istanbul Limanı (Istanbul: 1998).(It has a detail of
the map of Istanbul, not by Piri Reis, showing the shipyards.)
Orhonlu. Cengiz. “Hind Kaptanlığı ve Pirî Reis, “ Belleten. Ankara 1970.
v. 34. issue 134. pp. 235254. (Important study of part of the biography
of Piri Reis.)
Owaysee-Osqu, Handwritten notes and a partial translation of the Walters
MS, 1964-65. It is kept in the library.
Osmanlı Coğrafya Literatürü Tarihi, prepared by Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu,
Ramazan Şeşen, M. Serdar Bekar, Gülcan Gündüz, and A. Hamdi Furat under
the editorship of Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (stanbul 2000). (Piri Reis: #11,
20-28. Large bibliography. Some mixup with first and second versions.)
Özdemir. Kemal, Osmanlı Deniz Haritalar. Ali Macar Reis Atlası (1992). (Lovely
plates. Weak text.)
Özdemir. Kemal, Pirî Reis. İstanbul, 1994. (Fine color reproductions of 42
of the maps from the İstanbul Üniversitesi MS, but no useful text.)
Özen, Mine. E, Pirî Reis and His Charts (Istanbul: 1999). (42 color plates
from H.642, Nuruosmaniye 2997, Ayasofya 2612, and İstanbul Üniv. 6605.)
Pharantou, Maria, in Piri Reis: Kitab-i Bahriye: Kataktetike nausiploia
sto Aigaio (Athens, ca. 1990). (Study in Greek that is useful for the
culture of the 16th through18th centuries of the Aegean Greeks, not for
the Kitab-ı Bahriye. Best effect was to stimulate the four-volume
facsimile publication of 1988.)
*Piri Reis. Kitab-i Bahriye. Ed. Yavuz Senemoğlu. İstanbul: Denizcilik
Kitabı, 1973, 2 vols. (Portable facsimile edition of the maps, with a
translation into Turkish and a transliteration of placenames on the maps.)
*Pirî Reis. Kitab-ı Bahriye. Ed. Haydar AlpagutFevzi Kurtoğlu. İstanbul
1936. (Original facsimile and study of the Ayasofya MS 2612.)
*Pirî Reis. Kitabı Bahriye. Ed. Erturul Zekaî Ökte. Trans. Vahit Çabuk.
Tülay Duran, Robert Bragner. The Historical Research Foundation. İstanbul
Research Center (Ankara. Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish
Republic. 1988. 4 vols. ) (Color facsimile of Ayasofya MS 2612.) with a
transliteration of the text, a translation into Turkish, and a translation
into English. The translations have errors. Unfortunately, the
bibliography is outdated, leading to errors and omissions.)
Pryon, John H., Geography, Technology and War (1988). (A useful work in
understanding why Piri Reis included and excluded certain types of
information for mariners.)
Renda, Günsel, “Representations of Towns in Ottoman Sea Charts of the
Sixteenth Century and their Relation to Mediterranean Cartography,”
Soliman le magnifique et son temps (1992), 279-97. (An broad survey by an
esteemed art historian, calling for more study of the subject.)
*Rigaud, Phillipe, “Une carte de la côte provençale; une carte du Kitab-i
Bahriye de Pîrî Re`is, vers 152-1523. “ (Found on the Internet. A study of
the imagery on the map that has Marseilles.)
Rigaud, Phillippe, “Une carte de la côte provençaale; de l’embouchure du
Rhône à ;île de Porquerolles. “ (A short article found on the Internet.)
Rogers, J.M., Empire of The Sultans: Ottoman Art From The Collection of
Nasser D. Khalili. 1995. (The atlas version now in this collection is also
in a very exact, very expensive facsimile edition.)
Rogers, J. M., “Itineraries and Town Views in Ottoman Histories, “ History
of Cartography II/1, edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward (Chicago:
University of Chicago, 1987), 228-256. (Discusses the role of Piri Reis in
this topic; a useful place to begin on the aubject.)
*Sachau, E., “Sicilien nach dem türkishcer Geographen Piri Reis, “
Centario della nascita de Michele Amari 2 (1910), 1-10. (The earliest
publication of a study on the Kitab-ı Bahriye. Outdated.)
*Soucek, Svat, "Cairo and the Nile, “ Piri Reis & Turkish Mapkaking after
Columbus, London: The Nour Foundation, 1996, pp 149-158. (A most study of
the subject.)
*Soucek, Svat, "À propos du livre d'instructions nautiques de Piri Reis,"
Revue des Études Islamiques 41(1973), 241-255. (A basic early study by
Soucek.)
Soucek, Svat, “Certain Types of Ships in Ottoman-Turkish Terminology, “
Turcica 7 (1975), 233-49. (To be read together with the following.)
Soucek, Svat, “Galleys and Galleons, “ Piri Reis & Turkish Mapkaking after
Columbus, London: The Nour Foundation, 1996, pp. 13-20.
Soucek. Svat. “Islamic Charting in the Mediterranean. “ History of
Cartography II/1, edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward (Chicago:
University of Chicago, 1987), 279-84. (Basic review of Piri Reis and his
publications.)
Soucek, Svat, “Piri Reis, “ Süleyman the Second and His Time (1993),
343-52. (A recent biography.)
Soucek, Svat, “Piri Reis, “ Encyclopaedia of Islam, 8, 308-09. (A recent
biography. See also the index volume for further citations.)
*Soucek, Svat. Piri Reis and Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus. London: The
Nour Foundation, 1992. (A series of important essays on aspects of Piri
Reis and on the manuscript atlas in the Nour Collection.)
Soucek, Svat. “The rise of the Barbarossas in North Africa, “ Achivum
Ottomanicum 3 (1971), 24051.
*Soucek, Svat, “Tunisia in the Kitab-i Bahriye by Piri Reis, “ Archivum
Ottomanicum 5 (1973 [1976]), 129-296. (This is the model study of the two
texts of one section of the Kitab-i Bahriye, the section that Piri Reis
knew best.)
Stephenson. Richard W., “Pirî Reis Haritası. Manası ve Kıymeti, “ Son Ça.
Ankara 1963. issue 13. pp. 2228. (Not seen.)
Stover , Phil, “Portolan Chart Reference List. “ <pstover@portolangroup.com>.
(An always up-to-date bibliography on portolan studies on the Internet.)
Taeschner, Franz. "The Ottoman Geographers." In EI2, pp. 587-90. (A broad
history of the topic, with some comments on cartography.)
Tekeli, S., “Piri Reis, “ Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 10 (!974),
616-19. (A useful biography.)
Turner, Hilary Louise, “Christopher Buondelmonti and the Isolario, “ Terræ
Incognitæ, 19 (1987), pp. 11-28. (Recent useful article on its subject.)
Uçar, Doğan, “Turkish Cartography in the 16th Century, “ Science in the
Islamic Civilization (2000), 213-31. (Useful survey of the subject.)
Uzunçarşılı Ord. Prof. Dr. İ. H., Osmanlı Deyletinin Merkez v. Bahriye
Teşkilatı. Ankara 1984. TTK. (Fundamental study.)
*Ventura, Antonio, La Puglia di Piri Reis. La cartografia turca alla corte
di Solimano il Magnifico, Scritture e Cittá, 3 (1987). (Some lovely plates
from the manuscccript atlas in Bolonga.)
*Ventura, Antonio, Gli Stati itliani di Piri Reis. La cartografia all
corte di Solimano il Magnifico, Scritture e cittá, 7 (1991). (Some lovely
plates from the manuscript atlas in Bolonga.)
*Ventura, Antonio, Il regno di Napoli di Piri Reis. La cartografia turca
alla corte di Solimano il Magnifico, Scritture e Cittá, 6 (1990). (Some
lovely plates from the manuscript atlas in Bolonga.)
*Ventura, A., Gli stati itlaliani di Piri Reis. La cartografia turca alla
corte di Solimano il Magnifico, Scritture e Cittá, 7 (1991). (Some lovely
plates from the manuscript atlas in Bolonga.)
*Yurdaydn, H. G. , “Kitab-ı Bahriye’nin telifi meselesi, “ Ankara
Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Corafya Fakültesi Dergisi 10 (1952), 143-46.
(An ingenious, excellent study of the composer of the poetic introduction
and ending.)
Zhokov, Konstantine, “The ‘Destan of Umur Pasha“ in the Light of the
‘Kitab-ı Bahriye of Pîrî Reîs, “ Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, III. cilt,
893-897, XL. Türk Tarih Kongresi - 1994. (An example of the usefulness of
the Kitab-ı Bahriye in understanding other material.)
APPENDIX 4
Sections of the Kitab-ı Bahriye that have been studied.
Section
#1-59 (Sultaniye to Korfuz) Loupis, Dimitris, Piri Reis, Ottoman
Cartography and the Aegean Lake.
??Kissling, Joachim, “Die istrische Küste in See-Atlas des Piri Reis, “
Studia slovenia monacensa in honorem Antonii Slodnjak septuagenarii,
Munich (1969), 43-52.
#89-100 (Moya-Venice-Padazino) Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi
bahriye di Piri Reis.
#104 (Teremiti Islands) Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi bahriye
di Piri Reis.
#106 (Mafurduyna) Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi bahriye di
Piri Reis.
#111-118 (Brindizi-Kalavri Coast) Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi
bahriye di Piri Reis.
#120 Sachau, E., ASicilien nach dem türkishcer Geographen Piri Reis,
Centario della nascita de Michele Amari 2 (1910), 1-10.
#122-124 (Sardiniya) Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi bahriye di
Piri Reis; Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis & Mathilde Pinon, “La Première
description des côtes de Sardaigne dans des instructions nautiques
ottomanes (1521-1526).”
#125 (Corsica) Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, “La Première description des
côtes de De la Corse dans des instructions nautiques ottomanes
(1521-1526).”
#129-133 (Pola Kastiru-Genoa) Bausani, Alessandro, L’Italia nel Kitabi
bahriye di Piri Reis
#138-141 Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de l’Andlousie dans le
Kitab-i Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Actes, Madrid 1986, 497-507.
#136 Kissling, Joachim, Zur Betrachtung des Rhône Deltas in der Bahriye
des Pîrî Reis, İslam Tetkikleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 (1973), 279-87.
#147-152 Esin, Emel, “La description des côtes de l’algériennes de Piri
Ra’is,“ Studies on Turkish-Arab Relations 1 (1986), 47-60.
#147-152??
#151-158 Soucek, Svat, “Tunisia in the Kitab-i Bahriye by Piri Reis,”
Archivum Ottomanicum 5 ( 1973 [1976]), 129-296.
#151-158 Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de Tunisie dans le
Kitab-i Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Revue de l’Orient Musulman et de la
Méditerranée, 24 (1977), 223-25.
164-176 Mantran, Robert, “La description des côtes de l’Egypte dans le
Kitab-i Bahriye de Piri Reis, “ Annales Islamologiques , 17 (1981)
287-310.
#177- 178 Heyd, Uriel, “A Turkish Description of the Coast of Palestine in
the Early Sixteenth Century, “ Palestine Exploration Society 6 (1956),
201-16.
#198 (Meis) Loupis, Dimitris, Piri Reis, Ottoman Cartography and the
Aegean Lake .
# 204-219 (Kerpe-Magariz) Loupis, Dimitris, Piri Reis, Ottoman Cartography
and the Aegean Lake.
#207 (Santoron) Bacqué-Grammont, “Èchos de désastres obscurs: deux
descriptions ottomanes de Thìra/Santorin, “ unpublished.
İstanbulya from 1521 version.*Loupis, Dimitris, Piri Reis, Ottoman
Cartography and the Aegean Lake.
Not yet studied at all
Chapters and Maps Number
59-89
101-103
105
107-110
119
121
126-128
134-137
142-146
159-163
180-197
199-203
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